INFORMATION ABOUT
INDIA NATIONAL
Calendar
Saka Calendar
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Reason and Process
of
selecting
Indian
National Calendar
There are different Calendar
use in India at different locations by different group of peoples due to this reason Indian government want an
accurate calendar based on scientific study and
could be adopted throughout India.
Despite theis Indian government also attempt Rashtriya Panchangs but not
able to find acceptance.
So , In 1952, Calendar Reform
Committee was formed under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, whose head was an senior Indian
Astrophysicist Dr. Meghnad Saha:-
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Calendar Reform Committee
undertake a detailed study of
thirty calendars commonly use at different
locations of India and in 1954
Calendar Reform Committee recommend a fixed tropical solar calender which tracks Earth's orbit around sun and
months are fixed extra. They rejected tropical lunisolar calendar which is based on moon's phases extra.
Calendar Reform Committee also take detail of
Saka Calendar because Saka Calendar is also a tropical Solar Calender.
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Starting
of
Saka Calendar
Saka Calendar have a link
with "Saka Era" which begin in 78
AD and it believed that Saka Era was founded by King
Kanishka.
It also believed that King Shalivahana
(or Salivahna) of Shatavahana
dynasty, had started Saka Calendar after defeating
Sakas.
So, Saka Calendar started from
78 CE (Common Era) by- King
Shalivahana:-
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Details
of
Saka Calendar
Saka Calendar (Shaka Calender) also known as Shalivahana Saka Calendar. Saka calendar is a solar or lunisolar calendar which mean that its dates indicates season. So, it mean that its system is related to the position of Sun or stars.
Earth an Sun position and Earth rotation play a role in Season
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Similarity
of
Saka Calendar
with
Gregorian Calendar
- Note :-
- Gregorian Calender is widely used as solar
calendar today and it introduced by Gregory XIII in 1582 to correct Julian
Calendar inaccuracies.
Saka Calendar and Gregorian Calendar both have 365 days, 12 months and 7 days in a week.
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Months Similarity
of
Saka Calendar
with
Gregorian Calendar
| Saka Calendar |
S I M I L A R I T Y |
Gregorian Calendar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Months | Number of Days | No. | Months | Number of Days | |
| 1 | Chaitra | 30 (31) | 1 | January | 31 | |
| 2 | Vaisakha | 31 | 2 | February | 28 (29 in leap year) | |
| 3 | Jyaishtha | 31 | 3 | March | 31 | |
| 4 | Ashadha | 31 | 4 | April | 30 | |
| 5 | Sravana | 31 | 5 | May | 31 | |
| 6 | Bhadra | 31 | 6 | June | 30 | |
| 7 | Asvina | 30 | 7 | July | 31 | |
| 8 | Kartika | 30 | 8 | August | 31 | |
| 9 | Agrahayana (Margasirsha) | 30 | 9 | September | 30 | |
| 10 | Pausha | 30 | 10 | October | 31 | |
| 11 | Magha | 30 | 11 | November | 30 | |
| 12 | Phalguna | 30 | 12 | December | 31 | |
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Week Similarity
of
Saka Calendar
with
Gregorian Calendar
| Saka Calendar |
S I M I L A R I T Y |
Gregorian Calendar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Sanskrit Weekday Name |
Sanskrit Planet Name | No. | English Weekday Name |
English Planet Name |
|
| 1 | Ravivara | Ravi | 1 | Sunday | Sun | |
| 2 | Somavara | Soma | 2 | Monday | Moon | |
| 3 | Mangalavara | Mangala | 3 | Thuesday | Mars | |
| 4 | Budhavara | Budha | 4 | Wednesday | Mercury | |
| 5 | Brhaspativara | Brhaspati | 5 | Thursday | Jupiter | |
| 6 | Sukravara | Sukra | 6 | Friday | Venus | |
| 7 | Sanivara | Sani | 7 | Saturday | Saturn | |
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Understanding
Saka Calendar
with
Gregorian Calendar
| No. | Saka Calendar Months | Date from starting to end of months according to Gregorian Calendar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chaitra | From 21st or 22nd March to 20th April | ||
| 2 | Vaishakha | From 21st April to 21st May | ||
| 3 | Jyeshtha | From 22nd May to 21st June | ||
| 4 | Ashadha | From 22nd June to 22nd July | ||
| 5 | Shravana | From 23rd July to 22nd August | ||
| 6 | Bhadra | From 23rd August to 22nd September | ||
| 7 | Ashivin | From 23rd September to 22nd October | ||
| 8 | Kartika | From 23rd October to 21st November | ||
| 9 | Agrahayana | From 22nd November to 21st December | ||
| 10 | Pausha | From 22nd December to 20th January | ||
| 11 | Magha | From 21st January to 19th February | ||
| 12 | Phalguna | From 20th February to 2oth or 21st October | ||
Saka Calendar year begins with Chaitra and which falls on 22nd March (or 21st March in a leap year) of Gregorian Calender.
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Declaration and Usage
of
Indian
National Calendar
Saka Calendar
On 22nd March
1957, Saka Calendar was officially adopted as National
Calendar of India by Calendar Reform Committee
which
was formed and recommended by
government of India who's aiming
for Unified national civil calendar and replacing confusing regional
system.
India National Calendar Saka Calendar is used alongside Gregorian Calendar
in news broadcasts by
All India Radio and in calendars and communications
issued by government of India. India National Calendar Saka Calendar also used by Gazette of India
which is a official public jurnal and authorized legal document of
Indian Government:-
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